Basic anatomy of a plant
Plants are the backbone of the whole Eco - system, unlike animals they use sunlight and some gases and water to make their food.
They release oxygen as a byproduct in the process and take in carbon-di-oxide from the air released by animals. Thus animals and plants are a cyclic, interdependent systems based on just the O2 - CO2 . They are truly beautiful.
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| Thus plants are called Autotrophs. ( Organisms that make their own food ) |
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| These are general parts of plant. The whole plant body is divided into two parts :-
The shoot system consists of all parts that grow above the ground and the root system consists of roots, whatever is grown under the ground. |
Leaves are called kitchen of the plant as plants make their food in their and transport it to all other parts. They contain a special pigment called "Chlorophyll", which absorbs sunlight and uses it for making it's food. This process of making glucose ( Plant's food ) with the help of sunlight and in the presence of chlorophyll is called "Photosynthesis". It is a photo - chemical reaction seen only in plants, algae and some bacteria.
Fruits are essentially the store house of the plant, where extra energy is stored in form of starch. These parts are eaten by other animals digesting and utilizing the stored extra energy for their use. Plants store starch in different parts such as stem, leaves, fruits, flowers, seeds and sometimes also roots, depending upon the individual species.
Flowers are the part where fertilization occurs and forms an embryo. Many times these seeds are embedded inside the fruits so that when animals eat these fruit the seeds get planted through their dung. Monkeys though directly spit the seeds and eat the fruit, planting multiple seeds.
Stems and branches are the basically the source of strength for the upper body and also hold leaves, fruits, flowers and other branches. They spread out in order to capture more sunlight.
Root system has nothing much like the shoot system. Roots grow downward towards gravity, exactly opposite of the shoot system. Roots absorb minerals and water from the soil necessary for photosynthesis and growth. There two types of roots mainly
- Taproot :-
In which there is a single main root,
from which emerge a multiple series of side roots. - Fibrous root
In which there is no clear main root, all roots origin from the same point and further grow their own side roots.
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